Improvement in telluriums



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No. 88,187 Patented Mar. 23, 1869.

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No. 88,187. Patented Mar. 28, 1869.

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TELLURIAN.

No. 88,187. Patented Mar. 23. 1869.

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M. LONG. TELLURIAN.

No. 88,187. Patented Mar. 23. 186 9.

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The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thelame.

To all whom it may concern.- Be it known that I, MARSHAL Lore, of thecity of New York, have invented a new and improved Tellurium; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof my said invent-ion, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming a part of this specification.

The nature of my invention consists in constructing an apparatusillustrating the position of the eaith, with the inclination of itsaxis, its revolution around the sun, and the position of the moon, itschanging faces, and varying times of rising. e Y

In the annexed drawing- Figure I represents a front view of theapparatus,

when usedto illustrate the movements of the earth.

Figure II is a detail drawing, showing the mechanical arrangement of thevertical belt r s t, forming the dividing line between the illuminatedand the dark hemisphere, andthe semi-belt up, representing the plane ofthe earths ecliptic, and the wire, r x y z.

Figure 111 shows the apparatus, as represented in I, with the positionof the earth vaiied.

igure IV is atop view ofthe apparatus, and shows the motion of theeartbaround the sun.

Figure V represents the apparatus with the moon attached, and shows themotion of the moon around the earth.

Figure VI is a representation of .the plane of the.

earth's ecliptic and zodiac.

Figures VII and VIII are detail drawings, showing the parts out of whichthe ball representing the moon is composed.

In thecentre of a base, or socket, A, a vertical pole, B O, is erected.

A gilt ball, D, representing the sun, is aifixed to the upper end of thepole.

Around the vertical'pole B G swings a bracket, a b 0 do, which isattached to it by the two bearings a, at the upper end, and 0, near thebase.

This bracket supports the horizontal shaft E II, which revolves in therings b and o of the said bracket. This shaft is provided, on both ends.with bevelwheels f It. v

The bevel-wheel f runs on the bevel-wheel g, which is screwed to theverticai pole B 0.

The bevel-wheel h imparts motion to the bevel-wheel t, which is afiixedto the spindle m, held in the bearing 6 of the bracket 11 b c d c.

To the upper end of the spindle m, the shank j k is affixed.

A vertical pivot, l, is riveted in the shank j 70, from which a wire,shown in the dotted line it 0, extends,

with an inclination of twenty-three and one-half degrees from a.perpendicular, toward the plane of the orbit.

The-wire n 0 represents the axis of the earth,

the ball 'G, representing the earth, is set over this wire, and revolvesaround it. Attached to the axis a 0 is a small arm, 12 q, which ends inthe small. pivot q. On this pivot the hole a, in belt r s t, Fig. II,fits, and the said vertical belt revulves on the pivot q. r The verticalbelt 'r s t (a segment of which is, for mechanical convenience, outout-,) represents the dividing line between the illuminated andth'e darkhemisphere, the hemisphere facing the sun being, of course, illuminated,and the hemisphere beyond the belt 1 s t, dark. v v

The horizontal semi-belt we, completed toa circle by the dotted lines'1: w. represent-sthe plane of the ecliptic.

The revolution of the vertical belt 1' s t on the pivot I q, isregulated by the wire r9: yz. This wire is attached to the vertical belt0' s t, and the horizontal semi-belt u 'v, as shown in'Fig. II.

The fork y'z,on the endof said wire, slides back andi'orward on theverticalpole BC, as therevolution of the earth G around-the sun I)requires.

Fig. VI represents the division of the zodiac. -It is drawn on the,plane of the socket- A;

The hand Z is attached to the bracket a b c d a, and points on thefigures oi the zodiac, denoting the periods of the year r The apparatus,as far as described, Figs. 1, II, III, IV, and VI, is used to illustratethemotion of theearth around the sun; and I will now describetheoperatiou of the apparatus when used for the above purpose.

The instructors who are to use my apparatus, are assumed to know therelative position, the actual size, and the other properties of theheavenly bodies represented in my apparatus, and I deem it unnecessaryto state the particular in which the apparatus does not represent theactual character of said heavenly bodies, but wish to state, that withray-apparatus, I intend merely to explain the movements, and the effectsof the movements of the said heavenly bodies, but not theirproportionate size, distance, and other properties.

The relative position-of the earth to the sun, shown in'Fig. I,corresponds to the summer solstice.

Now, if the bracket 11 b c d e is moved toward the right, (in imitationof the motion of the earth around the sun,) the bevel-wheel j, by meansofthe bevel-wheel g, imparts rotating motion to theshaft E F; thebevelwheel 7:, on the end of the shaft E F, imparts its mo-.

tiou, by means of p the bevel-wheeli, to the spindle m, and the 'armjIt, being attached to the spindle m, will move in a direction contraryto the motion of the bracket to b o d o to the left, thereby diminishingthe distance of the earth from the sun, in about the same proportion asthe distance of the sun from the earth decreases during the advance ofthe earth to the w n ter solstice.

Continuing the motion of the bracket in the same direction, until thesemicircle is completed, and the earth has reached the winter solstice,the position of the apparatus will be indicated bythe'red liuesfin Fig.1V. I I

This movement, continued to the summer solstice, completes the eclipticorbit of the ealth;

The hand Z will indicate on thezodiac, from the autumnal equinox to thevernal equinox, one-hundred and seventy-nine days only, and one hundredand eighty-six days through the other half of the orbit.

By means of the apparatus as represented in Figs. I, III, and "IV, theinstructor is enabled to explain, among others, the following phenomena:

First, the semi-annual lengths of the days and nights at the poles.

Second, the efl'ect of the inclination of theaxis of the earth, incausing the difi'erence between apparent and true time, is shown by thewire r x g, on comparing the position of the earth, in its summer andwinter.

solstice, with that of it in its autumnal or vernal equinox. Theapparatus may be arranged to illustrate the 4 revolution of the moonaround the earth.

. For this purpose, the mechanical arlan gement shown in Fig. II, andthe arm 11 q, are removed from the apparatus.

A pin," globe G;

From this pin, a wire, I) 0', extends in a slightly-ris ing direction. Y

At 0' the wire is bent, to form the axis 0 cl" of the ball K, Fig. VII,covered with the metal cap L, rep- -'resenting th'emoon.

The metal cap L covers a hemisphere or the ball K. It is secured to theball by means of. the two wires h 'k and l m. It does not cleave to theball, but moves around it in all directions.

A small hole, a, is fixed in the centre ofthc said cap. An India-rubberthread, 0'1) q, on one end ofwhich is the weight g, on the other endofwhieh is the book 0', is looped through the small staple p,firstened-inthe ball I), The hook o is then looked in the hook it of themetal cap.

By this means the weight g exerts a slight strain on metal cap L.

When the ball K is moved around the earth, the

strain on the hook o, by means of the elastic thread, will keep themetal cap L always facing the sun, thus illustrating the reflection ofthe rays gag-the sun on the moon.

b,Fig. V, is inserted at the north pole of the In showing the movementof the moon, no reicrence is taken to'the revolution of the earth aroundthe sun, but the earth is assumed as revolving only around its ow'naxis.v

The drawing, Fig. V, shows the earth in summer solstice, and the moon(dark lines) in inferior conjunc tion. It turns to our planet its darkhemisphere it is in the position of new moon. Moving the shank b c tothe right, the moon gradually presents parts of its illuminated surfaceto the earth.

W'hen the shank b c has completed a half circle, the moon arrives inapposition. Then it represents full moon, as shown in the red lines ofthe drawings, Fig. V.

Thus, having shown the different faces while increasing, continuing themotionotthe shank b c, the moon gradually presents less and less of itsilluminated surarrives again in conjunction,

face to the earth, till it thus having shown its various faces-whilewaning.

From what has been shown, it can easily be ex plained, by theinstructor, how the moon, alter coming in apposition, rises fiftyminutes later every night.

The instructor is also enabled to show, by this figure of the apparatus,that, in fact, the same hemisphere of the moon is turned toward theearth all the time.

Having described my apparatus, I claim as my invent-ion, and desire tosecure by Letters latent of the United States-- 1. The mechanicalarrangement of the wire 4* x 'yz, the vertical belt 1 s t, and thehorizontal semi-belt at 1'1, with the revolving globe G, and stationaryglobe D, substantially as herein described, and for the purpose setforth.

. 2. The combination of the bracket a b c d c with the vertical pole BG, the horizontal shaft E F, the gear wheels f, g, law, the spindlem,'the arm j k, thcpivot l, the mechanical arrangement of the wire -r :v9 z, the vertical belt 0' s t aud the horizontal sen1i-belt'nr,'and theglobes D and G, substantially as herein described, and for the purposeset forth. 7

3. The combination of the mechanicaldevlees above mentioned with thewire I) 0' ll, the dark globe K, the metal cap L, the elastic thread0'1) 9, and theweight (1", substantially as herein described,.=and fortheour- MARSHAL LONG. Witnesses:

HENRY .WEHLE,

Gus. WEHLE.

